Homocystine is the double-bonded form of homocysteine but it occurs only transiently before being converted to the harmless cystathionine via a vitamin B6-dependent enzyme. Homocystine and homocysteine-cysteine mixed disulfide account for >98% of total homocysteine in plasma from healthy individuals.

Nickel(II) oxide is the chemical compound with the formula NiO. It is the principal oxide of nickel.

Grandifloroside shows good antioxidative and potent anti-inflammatory activities, it also exhibits potent inhibitory activity against TNF-α and 5α-reductase, suggests that it might be developed as a source of potent anti-oxidative and anti-inflammatory agents and therapeutic agent for benign prostatic hypertrophy (BPH).